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The first around the world sailing record for circumnavigation of the world was Juan Sebastián Elcano and the remaining members of Ferdinand Magellan's crew who completed their journey in 1522. The first solo record was set by Joshua Slocum in the ''Spray'' (1898). Most races or solo attempts start from Europe. Due to the configuration of the continents, sailing around the world consists in sailing around the Antarctica continent, passing south of Cape Horn, Cape of Good Hope and Cape Leeuwin. Since 1918 the Panama Canal is an option but the locks must be entered and exited using engine power. Large stretches of the canal can be crossed under sail power. Sailing around the world can be done by two directions: eastward or westward. The dominant winds and currents (outside tropical areas) make the voyage eastwards on the Southern hemisphere faster, most skippers and yachts who race prefer this route. Today, the multihulls perform much better than monohulls and hold the best times. Leisure yacht skippers who prefer tropical seas more often go westward, using the Trade winds (and the Panama canal). The most famous races around the world are: * The Sunday Times Golden Globe Race, held in 1968-1969, was the first round-the-world yacht race. * The Vendée Globe is yacht race run single-handed on monohulls limited to 60 feet (around 18 metres). This races establishes the reference times on monohulls. * The Global Challenge, was race held every four years and followed the westward route. * The Race, was a race held in 2000, involving multihulls. * The Oryx Quest, held in 2005, starting from Qatar. * The Volvo Ocean Race, involving Volvo Open 70 monohulls. * The VELUX 5 Oceans Race, previously known as the BOC Challenge, later as Around Alone. The Jules Verne Trophy is awarded to the skipper who breaks the outright record, starting from an imaginary line between the Créac'h lighthouse on Ouessant (Ushant) Island, France, and the Lizard Lighthouse, UK. The records are homologated by the World Sailing Speed Record Council (WSSRC).〔(round the world records )〕 According to the WSSRC, for around the world sailing records, there is a rule saying that the length must be at least 21,600 nm calculated along the shortest possible track from the starting port and back that does not cross land and does not go below 63°S. The great-circle distance formulas are to be used, assuming that the great circle length is 21,600 nm. It is allowed to have one single waypoint to lengthen the calculated track. The equator must be crossed.〔(ISAF/World Sailing Speed Record Rules for individually attempted Passage Records or Performances Offshore )〕 In reality, this means that the boat should pass a waypoint at or not far from the antipode of the starting port of the journey (the exact position depends on how short the shortest possible track is). For example, the Vendée Globe starts at 46°N 2°W, has a waypoint at 57°S 180°E, and barely makes the distance requirement. The participants don't have to go to the antipode at 46°S 178°E since the rounding of Africa gives extra distance. ==Eastward route== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「around the world sailing record」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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